Employers must pay living subsidies and provide medical treatment allowances for all PRC employees. Employers and employees must also participate in the PRC social insurance system for unemployment, old age pensions, medical treatment, work-related injuries and maternity care. In addition to these mandatory subsidies, employers may also introduce incentive schemes such as bonuses or allowances. These schemes must be paid out of an employee bonus and welfare fund which is created from the employer's after-tax profits.