China's thriving construction industry has led to a growing number of foreign firms becoming involved in the industry, and as a result, a considerable exchange of design ideas, project management practices, technology, and construction techniques has taken place. Such interaction has been invaluable to both foreign and local architectural and engineering (A&E) firms, however, only a limited number of foreign A&E firms have established permanent offices in China, while most locate here on a project-by-project basis.